小学阶段总复习1

选择合适的词语，把句子补充完整。

1. Kate with her mother            doing shopping.
2. Jim and his father            in the garden.
3.            I right?
4. I            a student two years ago.
5. There            five apples on the tree.

答案：（点击显示）

1. is, 2. are, 3. Am, 4. am, 5. are

关于动词你应该掌握以下几点：
1．动词的基本形式；
2．be动词的用法；
3．do的用法；
4．情态动词can的用法。

动词是表示动作和状态的词。作谓语的动词用来表示动作情况发生时间的各种形式成为时态。
（一）动词基本形式：现在式、过去式、过去分词
1．过去式和过去分词的构成
规则变化：

情况	加法	举例
一般情况	直接加-ed	want — wanted
以e结尾的词	加-d	live — lived
以辅音 + y结尾的词	将y改成i，再加-ed	try — tried study —studied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词	重复辅音字母，再加-ed	stop — stopped permit — permitted

不规则变化：go-went；come-came；do-did；get-got；have-had；take-took

2．现在分词的构成

情况	加法	举例
一般情况	直接加-ing	play — playing
以e结尾的词	去e加-ing	live — living
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词	重复辅音字母，再加-ing	stop — stopping get — getting

3．第三人称单数

情况	加法	举例
一般情况	加-s	likes
以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的词	加-es	teaches, brushes, goes, watches
以辅音 + y结尾的词	将y改成i，再加es	studies, carries, flies

（二）be动词的用法

	一般现在时	过去时	现在分词	过去分词
第一人称单数	am	was	being	been
第二人称单数	are	were	being	been
第三人称单数	is	was	being	been
所有人称复数	are	were	being	been

      Am I right? 我对了么？
      Were you wrong yesterday? 昨天是你错了么？
      My teacher is from England.我的老师来自英国。
      They are bananas.它们是香蕉。
      We were very surprised to hear that last week.上周，我们听到那件事非常惊奇。
      We've been waiting for you since three o'clock.从三点钟，我们就一直在等你。

需要注意的情况：
（1）当主语用and连接时，be动词一般使用are / were，表示加法时用is，例如：
      Jim and Kate are playing on the playground.
      Three and five is eight.
（2）当主语里带有with引导的短语，be动词看主语的人称和数而定，和with引导的短语无关，这和用连接词的并列语不同，例如：
       Peter with his wife is doing shopping.
      Peter and his wife are doing shopping.
（3）当以which开头时，要分析所替代的是单数还是复数。例如：
       Which is for me, this one or that one?
      Which are mine, the red apples or green apples?
（4）如果主语是名词性的物主代词，也一样要分析所代的数是单数还是复数。例如：
       This ruler isn't mine. Mine is on the desk. (mine = my ruler)
      These are not your trousers. Yours are on the chair. (yours = your trousers)
（5）在不定式后面，使用原形be。例如：I would like to be your pen friend.

（三） do的用法
      do既作实意动词表示做，又可作助动词，它的形式有does（第三人称单数式），did（过去式），例如：
      What can you do? 你能做什么？
      Does he watch TV in the evening?
      Did you go to school yesterday?

（四）情态动词can的用法
      can作为情态动词时，表示能够，后面直接跟动词原形。其否定形式和疑问形式无需再加助动词。
      I can draw well.我画画很好。
      Can you see the dog over there? No, I can't.你能看到那条狗吗？我不能。